Chapter four now

at the start, Ong shifted from primary orality to the development of script and its effect on our conciousnes.  One of the most important effects he discusses is the way that writing distances the originator of a thought from the listener (the receiver).  Writing does this by enabling the existence of discourse "which cannot be directly questioned or contested as oral speech can be because written discourse is detached from the writer" (p.78).  In addition, the further entrenched writing became a modes of expression, the more humans moved from an oral/aural based sensory world to one where vision reigns supreme.  This shift premoted the interiorization of thought, promted us to see ourselves as situated in time, and allowed for precise detail and development of a Brandon like vocabulary...haha.  Ong ended this chapter by talking about two major developments in the West which coincidentally illustrates the constant interaction of writing and orality, the development of the complex art of rhetoric and the study of latin!